Inverter na kashe-grid na photovoltaic

Gabatarwar Samfuri
Injin canza wutar lantarki na PV daga grid na'urar juyawa wutar lantarki ce wadda ke tura-jawo wutar lantarki ta DC sannan ta mayar da ita zuwa wutar AC ta 220V ta hanyar fasahar daidaita fadin bugun zuciya ta SPWM sinusoidal.
Kamar inverters masu haɗin grid, inverters na PV waɗanda ba su da grid suna buƙatar ingantaccen aiki, babban aminci, da kuma kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC; a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki na matsakaici da babban ƙarfin PV, fitowar inverter ya kamata ya zama raƙuman sinusoidal tare da ƙarancin karkacewa.

Ayyuka da Siffofi
1. Ana amfani da microcontroller mai bit 16 ko kuma microprocessor mai bit 32 DSP don sarrafawa.
2. Yanayin sarrafawa na PWM, yana inganta yadda ya dace sosai.
3. Yi amfani da dijital ko LCD don nuna sigogi daban-daban na aiki, kuma yana iya saita sigogi masu dacewa.
4. Raƙuman murabba'i, raƙuman da aka gyara, fitowar raƙuman sine. Fitar raƙuman sine, ƙimar karkacewar sine bai wuce kashi 5% ba.
5. Daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi, ƙarƙashin nauyin da aka ƙididdige, daidaiton fitarwa gabaɗaya ƙasa da ƙari ko rage 3%.
6. Fara aiki a hankali don guje wa tasirin wutar lantarki mai yawa akan baturi da kaya.
7. Keɓewar na'urar canza wutar lantarki mai yawan mita, ƙaramin girma da nauyi mai sauƙi.
8. An sanye shi da daidaitaccen hanyar sadarwa ta RS232/485, wanda ya dace da sarrafa sadarwa daga nesa.
9. Ana iya amfani da shi a muhallin da ke sama da mita 5500 sama da matakin teku.
10, Tare da kariyar haɗin gwiwa ta baya, kariyar ƙarfin lantarki ta shigarwa, kariyar ƙarfin lantarki ta shigarwa, kariyar ƙarfin lantarki ta fitarwa, kariyar yawan fitarwa, kariyar da'ira ta fitarwa, kariyar gajeren da'ira ta fitarwa, kariyar zafi da sauran ayyukan kariya.

Muhimman sigogin fasaha na inverters na waje
Lokacin zabar inverter mara amfani da wutar lantarki, ban da kula da yanayin fitowar wutar lantarki da kuma nau'in keɓewa na inverter, akwai wasu sigogi na fasaha da dama waɗanda suma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci, kamar ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin, ƙarfin fitarwa, ƙarfin kololuwa, ingancin juyawa, lokacin sauyawa, da sauransu. Zaɓin waɗannan sigogi yana da babban tasiri ga buƙatar wutar lantarki ta kaya.
1) Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tsarin:
Wutar lantarki ce ta fakitin batirin. Ƙarfin shigarwa na inverter na waje da ƙarfin fitarwa na mai sarrafawa iri ɗaya ne, don haka lokacin tsara da zaɓar samfurin, kula da kiyaye shi tare da mai sarrafawa.
2) Ƙarfin fitarwa:
Bayyanar ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter na waje yana da nau'i biyu, ɗaya shine bayyanawar ƙarfin lantarki, naúrar ita ce VA, wannan ita ce alamar UPS ta tunani, ainihin ƙarfin aiki na fitarwa kuma yana buƙatar ninka ƙarfin lantarki, kamar inverter na waje na 500VA, ƙarfin wutar lantarki shine 0.8, ainihin ƙarfin aiki na fitarwa shine 400W, wato, zai iya tuƙa nauyin juriya na 400W, kamar fitilun lantarki, murhun induction, da sauransu; na biyu shine bayyanawar ƙarfin aiki, naúrar ita ce W, kamar inverter na waje na 5000W, ainihin ƙarfin aiki na fitarwa shine 5000W.
3) Ƙarfin kololuwa:
A cikin tsarin PV na kashe-kashe, kayayyaki, batura, inverters, kaya sun ƙunshi tsarin lantarki, ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter, ana ƙaddara shi ta hanyar kaya, wasu kayan aiki masu inductive, kamar na'urorin sanyaya iska, famfo, da sauransu, injin da ke ciki, ƙarfin farawa ya ninka ƙarfin da aka ƙididdige sau 3-5, don haka inverter na kashe-kashe yana da buƙatu na musamman don yawan aiki. Ƙarfin kololuwa shine ƙarfin overload na inverter na kashe-kashe.
Injin juyawa yana samar da makamashin farawa ga kaya, wani ɓangare daga batirin ko PV module, kuma ƙarin yana samuwa ne ta hanyar abubuwan adana makamashi a cikin inverter - capacitors da inductors. Capacitors da inductors dukkansu sassan adana makamashi ne, amma bambancin shine cewa capacitors suna adana makamashin lantarki a cikin nau'in filin lantarki, kuma girman ƙarfin capacitor, ƙarin ƙarfin da zai iya adanawa. Inductors, a gefe guda, suna adana makamashi a cikin nau'in filin maganadisu. Girman ƙarfin maganadisu na tsakiyar inductor, mafi girman induction, da ƙarin kuzari da za a iya adanawa.
4) Ingantaccen juyi:
Ingancin sauya tsarin waje ya haɗa da fannoni biyu, ɗaya shine ingancin injin da kanta, da'irar inverter ta waje tana da sarkakiya, don tafiya ta hanyar juyawa matakai da yawa, don haka ingancin gabaɗaya ya ɗan yi ƙasa da inverter ɗin da aka haɗa da grid, gabaɗaya tsakanin 80-90%, ƙarfin ingancin injin inverter, keɓewa mai yawa fiye da ingancin warewar mita ya fi girma, mafi girman ingancin ƙarfin tsarin kuma ya fi girma. Na biyu, ingancin caji da fitarwa na baturi, wannan nau'in baturi yana da alaƙa, lokacin da samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic da daidaitawar wutar lantarki, photovoltaic zai iya samar da kaya kai tsaye don amfani, ba tare da buƙatar yin juyi ta hanyar canza baturi ba.
5) Lokacin canzawa:
Tsarin da ke cikin layin wutar lantarki ba tare da kaya ba, akwai yanayin PV, baturi, yanayin amfani guda uku, lokacin da ƙarfin batirin bai isa ba, canzawa zuwa yanayin amfani, akwai lokacin canzawa, wasu inverters na cikin layin wutar lantarki suna amfani da canjin wutar lantarki, lokaci a cikin milise seconds 10, kwamfutocin tebur ba za su kashe ba, hasken ba zai yi walƙiya ba. Wasu inverters na cikin layin wutar lantarki ba suna amfani da canjin wutar lantarki, lokacin yana iya wuce milise seconds 20, kuma kwamfutar tebur na iya kashewa ko sake kunnawa.