Ka'idar Aiki ta Tarin Cajin DC don Sabbin Motocin Makamashi

1. Rarraba tarin caji

TheTarin caji na ACyana rarraba wutar AC daga grid ɗin wutar lantarki zuwatsarin cajihanyar sadarwa ta bayanai da bayanai game da abin hawa, da kumatsarin cajia kan abin hawa yana sarrafa wutar lantarki don cajin batirin wutar lantarki daga AC zuwa DC.

TheBindigar caji ta AC (Nau'i na 1, Nau'i na 2, GB/T) donTashoshin caji na ACyana da ramuka 7 na ƙarshe, ramuka 7 suna da tashoshi na ƙarfe don tallafawa matakai ukuTashoshin caji na motocin lantarki na AC(380V), ramuka 7 kawai suna da ramuka 5 tare da tashoshin ƙarfe guda ɗaya neCaja ta AC EV(220V), bindigogin caji na AC sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye daBindigogi masu caji na DC (CCS1, CCS2, GB/T, Chademo).

TheTarin caji na DCyana canza wutar AC ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki zuwa wutar DC don cajin batirin wutar lantarki na motar ta hanyar hulɗa da motar da bayanai, kuma yana sarrafa ƙarfin fitarwa na tarin caji bisa ga mai sarrafa batirin da ke kan motar.

Akwai ramuka 9 a kan bindigar caji ta DC donTashoshin caji na DC, kuma bindigar caji ta DC ta fi bindigar caji ta AC girma.

2. Ka'idar aiki ta asali ta caji ta DC

A cikin ma'aunin masana'antu "NB/T 33001-2010: Sharuɗɗan Fasaha don Cajin Motocin Lantarki marasa amfani a cikin jirgin ruwa" wanda Hukumar Makamashi ta Ƙasa ta bayar, an nuna cewa babban abun da ke cikinCaja ta DC EVya haɗa da: na'urar wutar lantarki, na'urar sarrafawa, na'urar aunawa, na'urar caji, na'urar samar da wutar lantarki da na'urar hulɗar ɗan adam da kwamfuta. Na'urar wutar lantarki tana nufin na'urar caji ta DC, kuma na'urar sarrafawa tana nufin na'urar sarrafa tarin caji. A matsayin samfurin haɗa tsarin, ban da ɓangarorin biyu na "Module ɗin caji na DC"da kuma"Mai sarrafa tara caji"wanda ya ƙunshi tushen fasaha, ƙirar tsarin kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙirar aminci na dukkan tarin. "Mai sarrafa tarin caji" yana cikin rukunin fasahar hardware da software da aka haɗa, kuma "module na caji na DC" yana wakiltar mafi girman nasarar fasahar lantarki ta wutar lantarki a fannin AC/DC.

Tsarin caji na asali shine: ɗora ƙarfin DC a ƙarshen batirin biyu, cajin batirin da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin batirin a hankali da hankali yana tashi, yana tashi zuwa wani matsayi, ƙarfin baturin ya kai ƙimar da ba a san shi ba, SoC ya kai kashi 95% (ga batura daban-daban, daban), kuma yana ci gaba da cajin batirin da wutar lantarki mai ɗorewa da ƙaramin wutar lantarki. "Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa, amma batirin bai cika ba, wato, bai cika ba, idan akwai lokaci, za ku iya canzawa zuwa ƙaramin wutar lantarki don wadatar da shi." Domin cimma wannan tsarin caji, tarin caji yana buƙatar samun "module na caji na DC" don samar da wutar DC dangane da aiki; Yana da mahimmanci a sami "mai sarrafa tarin caji" don sarrafa "ƙarfin kunnawa, rufewa, ƙarfin fitarwa, da wutar fitarwa" na tsarin caji; Yana da mahimmanci a sami "allon taɓawa" a matsayin hanyar haɗin ɗan adam da injin don bayar da umarni, kuma mai sarrafawa zai bayar da umarni kamar "ƙarfin kunnawa, rufewa, ƙarfin fitarwa, wutar fitarwa" da sauran umarni ga tsarin caji. Mafi sauƙi tara caji na abin hawa na lantarkiAn fahimta daga matakin lantarki kawai yana buƙatar samun tsarin caji, allon sarrafawa da allon taɓawa; Idan umarni kamar kunna wuta, kashewa da ƙarfin fitarwa na wutar lantarki] an yi su cikin maɓallai da yawa akan tsarin caji, to tsarin caji zai iya cajin baturin.

Theɓangaren lantarki na caja na DCya ƙunshi da'irar farko da da'irar sakandare. Shigarwar babban madauki shine wutar lantarki mai matakai uku, wanda aka mayar da shi zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye da aka yarda da ita ta hanyar na'urar caji (module rectifier) ​​bayan mai karya da'irar shigarwa da na'urar auna makamashi mai wayo ta AC, sannan ya haɗa fiyu dabindigar caji ta evdon cajin abin hawa na lantarki. Da'irar ta biyu ta ƙunshitara caji na motar lantarkiMai sarrafawa, mai karanta kati, allon nuni, na'urar auna DC, da sauransu. Da'irar ta biyu kuma tana ba da ikon sarrafa "fara-tsaya" da kuma aikin "tasha ta gaggawa"; Hasken siginar yana ba da alamun matsayi na "jiran aiki", "caji" da "cikakke"; A matsayin na'urar hulɗa tsakanin ɗan adam da kwamfuta, allon yana ba da damar yin amfani da kati, saita yanayin caji da kuma ayyukan sarrafa farawa-tsaya.

An taƙaita ƙa'idar wutar lantarki ta tasoshin caji na DC kamar haka:

• Module ɗaya na caji a halin yanzu yana da ƙarfin 15kW kawai, wanda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun wutar lantarki ba, kuma yana buƙatar na'urori masu caji da yawa don yin aiki tare a layi ɗaya, kuma yana buƙatar samun bas ɗin CAN don cimma raba kayayyaki da yawa a halin yanzu;
• Shigar da na'urar caji ta fito ne daga grid ɗin wutar lantarki, wanda shine babban wutar lantarki, wanda ya shafi grid ɗin wutar lantarki da amincin mutum, musamman amincin mutum, yana da mahimmanci a shigar da maɓallin iska (sunan kimiyya shine "mai karya da'irar harsashi na filastik"), maɓallin kariya ta walƙiya ko ma maɓallin zubewa a ƙarshen shigarwa;
• Fitowar tarin caji yana da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da kuma ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, batirin yana da sinadarai masu amfani da lantarki, mai sauƙin fashewa, don hana amincin aiki mara kyau, dole ne fitarwar ta kasance tana da fiyu;
• Batutuwan tsaro sune mafi muhimmanci, ban da matakan da ke ƙarshen shigarwa, dole ne a sami makullan injina da makullan lantarki, dole ne a sami gwajin rufin gida, kuma dole ne a sami juriyar fitarwa;
• Ko batirin yana karɓar caji ba a tantance shi ta hanyar tarin caji ba, amma ta hanyar kwakwalwar batirin, BMS. BMS tana ba da umarni ga mai sarrafawa na "ko za a ba da izinin caji, ko a dakatar da caji, adadin wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki da za a iya karɓa", sannan mai sarrafawa ya ba da shi ga sashin caji. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a aiwatar da sadarwa ta CAN tsakanin mai sarrafawa da BMS, da kuma sadarwa ta CAN tsakanin mai sarrafawa da sashin caji;
• Haka kuma ana buƙatar a sa ido a kan tarin caji da kuma sarrafa shi, kuma ana buƙatar haɗa na'urar sarrafawa zuwa bango ta hanyar WiFi ko 3G/4G da sauran na'urorin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa;
• Kudin wutar lantarki don caji ba kyauta bane, kuma ana buƙatar sanya mita, kuma ana buƙatar mai karanta katin don aiwatar da aikin biyan kuɗi;
• Akwai buƙatar samun haske mai haske a kan harsashin caji, yawanci fitilun nuni guda uku, waɗanda ke nuna caji, lahani da kuma samar da wutar lantarki bi da bi;
• Tsarin bututun iska na tarin caji na DC yana da mahimmanci. Baya ga ilimin tsari, ƙirar bututun iska yana buƙatar a sanya fanka a cikin tarin caji, kodayake akwai fanka a cikin kowane tsarin caji.