Ka'idar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana fasaha ce da ke canza wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da tasirin hasken rana na hanyar haɗin semiconductor. Babban abin da ke cikin wannan fasaha shine ƙwayar hasken rana. Ana tattara ƙwayoyin hasken rana kuma ana kare su a jere don samar da babban tsarin ƙwayar hasken rana sannan a haɗa su da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ko makamancin haka don samar da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Ana kiran dukkan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ya ƙunshi jerin ƙwayoyin hasken rana, fakitin batir, masu sarrafa caji da fitarwa, inverters na hasken rana, akwatunan haɗa wutar lantarki da sauran kayan aiki.
Me yasa ake amfani da inverter a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana (solar photovoltaic)?
Injin canza wutar lantarki (inverter) na'ura ce da ke canza wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa. Kwayoyin hasken rana za su samar da wutar lantarki ta DC a hasken rana, kuma wutar lantarki ta DC da aka adana a cikin batirin ita ma wutar lantarki ce ta DC. Duk da haka, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta DC yana da iyaka mai girma. Nauyin AC kamar fitilun fluorescent, talabijin, firiji, da fanfunan lantarki a rayuwar yau da kullun ba za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar wutar lantarki ta DC ba. Domin samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic ya zama ruwan dare a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, inverters waɗanda za su iya canza wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa ba su da mahimmanci.
A matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin ...urori masu auna sigina (photovoltaic inverter) ana amfani da su ne musamman don canza wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina (converter). Na'urar lantarki ba wai kawai tana da aikin canza wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina (DC-AC) ba, har ma tana da aikin inganta aikin tantanin halitta ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hasken rana da kuma aikin kariyar matsalar tsarin. Ga taƙaitaccen bayani game da ayyukan aiki da rufewa ta atomatik na na'urar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina da kuma aikin sarrafa bin diddigin wutar lantarki mafi girma.
1. Matsakaicin aikin kula da bin diddigin wutar lantarki
Fitowar ƙwayoyin hasken rana ya bambanta da ƙarfin hasken rana da zafin jikin ƙwayoyin hasken rana kanta (zafin guntu). Bugu da ƙari, tunda ƙwayoyin hasken rana suna da halayyar cewa ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa yayin da ƙarfin lantarki ke ƙaruwa, akwai mafi kyawun wurin aiki inda za a iya samun matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin hasken rana yana canzawa, kuma a bayyane yake cewa mafi kyawun wurin aiki shi ma yana canzawa. Dangane da waɗannan canje-canjen, wurin aiki na ƙwayoyin hasken rana koyaushe yana kan matsakaicin wurin wuta, kuma tsarin koyaushe yana samun matsakaicin fitarwa daga ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Wannan iko shine mafi girman ikon bin diddigin wutar lantarki. Babban fasalin inverters don tsarin wutar lantarki shine sun haɗa da aikin bin diddigin matsakaicin wurin wuta (MPPT).
2. Aiki ta atomatik da aikin tsayawa
Bayan fitowar rana da safe, ƙarfin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma fitowar ƙwayar hasken rana ma yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da aka isa ga ƙarfin fitarwa da inverter ke buƙata, inverter zai fara aiki ta atomatik. Bayan shiga aiki, inverter zai sa ido kan fitowar ƙwayar hasken rana a kowane lokaci. Muddin ƙarfin fitarwa na ƙwayar hasken rana ya fi ƙarfin fitarwa da ake buƙata don inverter ya yi aiki, inverter zai ci gaba da aiki; zai tsaya har sai faɗuwar rana, koda kuwa gajimare ne da ruwan sama. Inverter kuma zai iya aiki. Lokacin da fitowar ƙwayar hasken rana ta zama ƙarami kuma fitowar inverter ta kusa da 0, inverter zai samar da yanayin jiran aiki.
Baya ga ayyuka biyu da aka bayyana a sama, inverter na photovoltaic yana da aikin hana aiki mai zaman kansa (don tsarin da aka haɗa grid), aikin daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ta atomatik (don tsarin da aka haɗa grid), aikin gano DC (don tsarin da aka haɗa grid), da aikin gano ƙasa na DC (don tsarin da aka haɗa grid) da sauran ayyuka. A cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, ingancin inverter muhimmin abu ne wanda ke ƙayyade ƙarfin ƙwayar hasken rana da ƙarfin batirin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-01-2023
