'harshen' na tashoshin caji na ev: babban bincike na ka'idojin caji

Shin kun taɓa mamakin dalilin da yasa nau'ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban zasu iya daidaita wutar lantarki ta atomatik bayan shigar da na'urarcaji tari? Me yasa wasucaji taracaje sauri da sauran a hankali? Bayan wannan haƙiƙa akwai saitin “harshen da ba a iya gani” mai sarrafawa - wato, ƙa'idar caji. A yau, bari mu bayyana “dokokin tattaunawa” tsakanincajin tuli da motocin lantarki!

1. Menene ka'idar caji?

• TheYarjejeniyar Cajinshine "harshen + shekaru" don sadarwa tsakanin motocin lantarki (EVs) daEv tashoshin caji(EVSEs) wanda ke ƙayyade:
• Voltage, kewayon halin yanzu (yana ƙayyade saurin caji)
• Yanayin Caji (AC/DC)
• Tsarin kariyar aminci (samar da wutar lantarki, kan-a halin yanzu, lura da yanayin zafi, da sauransu)
• Haɗin bayanan (yanayin baturi, ci gaban caji, da sauransu)

Ba tare da haɗin kai ba,ev caje tarakuma motocin lantarki na iya "kasa fahimtar" juna, wanda ke haifar da rashin iya caji ko rashin inganci.

2. Menene ka'idojin caji na yau da kullun?

A halin yanzu, na kowaev cajin ladabiA duk faɗin duniya an raba su zuwa rukuni kamar haka:

(1) Ka'idar cajin AC

Ya dace da jinkirin caji (gida/jama'a AC tara):

• GB.
• IEC 61851 (Ma'aunin Turai): ana amfani da su a Turai, kamar Tesla (Sigar Turai), BMW, da sauransu.
• SAE J1772 (Amurka misali): Arewacin Amurka na yau da kullun, kamar Tesla (Sigar Amurka), Ford, da sauransu.

(2) DC da sauri caji yarjejeniya

Ya dace da caji mai sauri (jama'a dc da sauri caje tara):

• GB/T (National Standard DC): Jama'a na cikin gidadc tashoshin caji masu sauriAna amfani da su musamman, kamar State Grid, Telei, da dai sauransu.
• CCS (Combo): na yau da kullun a Turai da Amurka, haɗa AC (J1772) da musaya na DC.
• CHAdeMO: Matsayin Jafananci, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a farkon Nissan Leaf da sauran samfura, a hankali an maye gurbinsu da shiCCS.
• Tesla NACS: Tesla-keɓaɓɓen yarjejeniya, amma ana buɗewa ga wasu samfuran (misali, Ford, GM).

3. Me yasa ka'idoji daban-daban ke shafar saurin caji?

Theka'idar cajin motar lantarkiyana ƙayyade matsakaicin matsakaicin ikon yin shawarwari tsakaninev cajada abin hawa. Misali:

• Idan motarka tana goyan bayan GB/T 250A, ammatulin cajin motar lantarkikawai yana goyan bayan 200A, ainihin cajin halin yanzu zai iyakance zuwa 200A.
• Tesla Supercharging (NACS) na iya samar da 250kW+ na babban iko, amma matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin caji na ƙasa na iya zama 60-120kW kawai.

Daidaitawa yana da mahimmanci kuma:

• Amfani da adaftan (kamar masu adaftar GB na Tesla) ana iya daidaita su zuwa ka'idoji daban-daban, amma ana iya iyakance ƙarfin wuta.
• Wasutashoshin cajin motocin lantarkigoyan bayan daidaituwar yarjejeniya da yawa (kamar tallafiGB/Tda CHAdeMO a lokaci guda).

4. Yanayin Gaba: Yarjejeniyar Haɗin Kai?

A halin yanzu, duniyaka'idojin cajin abin hawa na lantarkiba a daidaita su ba, amma yanayin shine kamar haka:

• Tesla NACS sannu a hankali yana zama na al'ada a Arewacin Amurka (Ford, GM, da sauransu. shiga).
• CCS2shi ne rinjaye a Turai.
• Har yanzu ana haɓaka GB/T na China don ɗaukar caji mai sauri mai ƙarfi (kamar dandamali mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi 800V).
• Ka'idojin caji mara waya kamarSAE J2954ana bunkasa.

5. Tips: Yadda za a tabbatar da cajin ya dace?

Lokacin siyan mota: Tabbatar da ka'idar caji da abin hawa ke goyan bayan (kamar ma'aunin ƙasa/Mizanin Turai/Mizanin Amurka).

Lokacin caji: Yi amfani da mai dacewatashar cajin abin hawa lantarki, ko ɗaukar adaftar (kamar masu Tesla).

Tari mai saurizaɓi: Duba ƙa'idar da aka yiwa alama akan tarin caji (kamar CCS, GB/T, da sauransu).

taƙaitawa

Yarjejeniyar caji kamar “Password” ne tsakanin motar lantarki daev tashar caja, kuma daidaitawa kawai za'a iya caji da kyau. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, zai iya zama mafi haɗin kai a nan gaba, amma har yanzu yana da muhimmanci a kula da dacewa. Wace yarjejeniya abin hawan ku na lantarki ke amfani da shi? Jeka duba tambarin akan tashar caji!