Gwajin kariyar ƙasa don tukwanen caji na AC/DC don sabbin motocin makamashi

1. Kariyar ƙasa daga tarin caji

An raba tashoshin caji na EV zuwa nau'i biyu:Tarin caji na ACda kuma tarin caji na DC. Tushen caji na AC suna samar da wutar AC 220V, wanda caja da ke cikin jirgin ke mayar da shi zuwa wutar DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai girma don cajin batirin wutar.Tarin caji na DCyana samar da wutar lantarki mai matakai uku ta AC mai ƙarfin 380V, wanda ke cajin batirin kai tsaye ta hanyar tashar caji mai sauri ba tare da shiga cikin caja a cikin jirgin ba. Tsarin ƙasa na GB/T20234.1 ya fayyace buƙatun hanyoyin haɗin abin hawa da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a sarari.Caja na AC EVyi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa mai lamba bakwai, yayin daCaja na DCyi amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa mai fil tara. Filayen PE na hanyoyin caji guda biyu da ke gefen abin hawa dukkansu tashoshin ƙasa ne (duba Hoto na 1). Aikin wayar ƙasa PE shine ya lalata jikin motar lantarki ta hanyar AC.tashar caji ta motar lantarkiA cikin ƙa'idar ƙasa ta GB/T 18487.1, dole ne a haɗa wayar PE ta ƙasa ta kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki zuwa ga ƙasan motar lantarki (filin PE a Hoto na 1) domin yanayin caji na motar lantarki ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata.

Hoto na 1. Pin na PE na Haɗin Cajin Gefen Mota

Ɗauki hanyar caji inda AC ke aikitashar caji na motocin lantarkiyana amfani da haɗin abin hawa mai toshe hanyoyi biyu don haɗawa zuwatashar caji ta motar lantarkiMisali, an yi nazarin da'irar sarrafawa ta wannan tsarin caji, kuma an nuna zane-zanen da'irarsa a Hoto na 2.

Idan aka saita na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki don caji, idan kayan aikin ba su da matsala, ƙarfin lantarki a wurin gano 1 ya kamata ya zama 12V.

Idan mai aiki ya riƙe bindigar caji ya danna makullin injin, S3 zai rufe, amma hanyar haɗin abin hawa ba ta da cikakken haɗin kai, ƙarfin lantarki a wurin gano 1 shine 9V.

Lokacin dabindigar cajiAn haɗa shi gaba ɗaya da tashar caji ta abin hawa, S2 ya rufe. A wannan lokacin, ƙarfin lantarki a wurin gano 1 yana raguwa da sauri. Kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki suna tabbatar da siginar ta hanyar haɗin CC kuma suna gano wutar lantarki da kebul na caji zai iya jurewa, yana canza maɓallin S1 daga ƙarshen 12V zuwa ƙarshen PWM.

Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki a wurin gano 1 ya faɗi zuwa 6V, yana canza K1 da K2 na kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki kusa da wutar lantarki, don haka yana kammala da'irar samar da wutar lantarki. Bayan motar lantarki da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki sun kafa haɗin lantarki, na'urar sarrafa abin hawa tana tantance matsakaicin ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar yin la'akari da zagayowar aikin siginar PWM a wurin gano 2. Misali, ga tarin caji na 16A, zagayowar aikin shine 73.4%, saboda haka ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen CP yana canzawa tsakanin 6V da -12V, yayin da ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarshen CC… Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙarshe ya faɗi daga 4.9V (yanayin da aka haɗa) zuwa 1.4V (yanayin caji).

Da zarar na'urar sarrafa abin hawa ta tabbatar da cewa an haɗa haɗin caji gaba ɗaya (watau, S3 da S2 an rufe su) kuma ta kammala saitin matsakaicin ƙarfin shigarwar caja da aka yarda da shi (S1 yana canzawa zuwa tashar PWM, K1 da K2 an rufe su), caja da ke cikin jirgin zai fara caji motar lantarki.

A lokacin wannan tsari, idan aka katse wayar ƙasa ta PE, ba za a sami canjin wutar lantarki a wurin ganowa ba, ba za a iya gudanar da da'irar samar da wutar lantarki ba, kuma ba za a iya kafa haɗin lantarki tsakanin abin hawa na lantarki da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki ba. A wannan yanayin, caja da ke cikin jirgin zai kasance a yanayin kashe wutar lantarki.

2. Gwajin cire haɗin ƙasa na tsarin caji

Idan tushen waniTsarin caji na pile na caji na ACIdan aka samu matsala, kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki za su zubar da wutar lantarki, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da girgizar lantarki da kuma rauni ga mutum. Saboda haka, gwaji da duba tarin caji yana da mahimmanci. Dangane da ƙa'idodi kamar GB/T20324, GB/T 18487, da NB/T 33008, gwajin tarin caji na AC ya haɗa da dubawa gabaɗaya, gwaje-gwajen sauya da'irar kaya, da gwaje-gwajen rashin daidaituwar haɗi. Ta amfani da BAIC EV200 a matsayin misali, ana lura da tasirin tushen PE mara kyau akan yanayin caji na tsarin caji ta hanyar gwada canje-canjen shigarwa da fitarwa na caji a kan jirgin.

A cikin tsarin da aka nuna a Hoto na 3, tashoshin CC da CP a gefen hagu na caja a kan jirgin sune layukan siginar sarrafa caji; PE shine wayar ƙasa; kuma L da N sune tashoshin shigarwar AC 220V.

Tashoshin da ke gefen dama na zane-zanen caja na kan jirgi sune tashoshin sadarwa masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Babban aikinsu shine mayar da siginar caja ta kan jirgi zuwa layin tabbatar da haɗin VCU, kunna layin siginar farkawa ta caji don tada allon kayan aiki da ke nuna yanayin haɗin, da kuma caja don tada VCU da BMS. Daga nan VCU ta tada allon kayan aiki don fara nuna yanayin caji. Babban relay mai kyau da mara kyau a cikin batirin wutar lantarki ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar BMS don rufewa ta hanyar umarni daga VCU, yana kammala aikin caji na batirin wutar lantarki. Tashar da ke ƙasan caja na kan jirgi a Hoto na 3, wanda aka haɗa da akwatin sarrafa wutar lantarki mai girma, ita ce tashar fitarwa ta DC mai girma.

A gwajin matsalar PE na ƙasa, an yi amfani da maƙullan wuta guda biyu don auna kwararar shigarwa da fitarwa a lokaci guda. An saita matsalar PE ta amfani da wutar lantarki ta AC da aka yi da kanta. Lokacin da aka saba amfani da layin PE, maƙullin ƙasa yana kunne. Da maƙullin wuta da aka yi amfani da shi a layin L (ko N), maƙullin shigar AC da aka auna na caja a kan jirgin ya kasance kusan 16A. Da sauran maƙullin wuta da aka yi amfani da shi a tashar wutar lantarki ta DC na caja a kan jirgin, wutar da aka auna ta kasance kusan 9A.

Lokacin da aka katse wayar ƙasa ta PE kuma aka KASHE maɓallin ƙasa, ƙarfin shigar AC da aka auna na caja a kan jirgin shine 0A, kuma ƙarfin fitarwa na DC shi ma 0A ne. Bayan sake yin gwajin buɗewa, duka wutar lantarkin nan take suka koma 0A. Wannan gwajin buɗewa a tashar PE ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka katse wayar ƙasa ta PE, babu wutar lantarki a tashoshin shigarwa da fitarwa na caja a kan jirgin, ma'ana caja a kan jirgin ba ta aiki kuma saboda haka ba ta fitar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi zuwa akwatin sarrafa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke hana batirin wutar lantarki caji.

Kariyar ƙasa ga tulun caji na AC yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ba tare da kariyar ƙasa ba, tashoshin caji na iya haifar da haɗarin girgizar lantarki. Saboda kariyar kashe wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da da'irar caji, ba za a iya haɗa haɗin tsakanin motar lantarki da kayan aikin samar da wutar lantarki ba, kuma caja da ke cikin jirgin ba zai yi aiki ba.

—ƘARSHE—